VIVUMISHI VYA KISWAHILI.

VIVUMISHI KATIKA NGELI TOFAUTI. (ADJECTIVES IN VARIOUS NOUN CLASSES).

Kivumishi ni neno/maneno yanayotoa taarifa ya ziada katika nomino. Kivumishi hufanya kazi ya kufafanua/kuelezea zaidi kuhusu nomino ili kupambanua/kuitofautisha nomino husika miongoni mwa nomino nyingine.
Aghalabu vivumishi hutanguliwa na nomino.

AINA ZA VIVUMISHI.
a. Vivumishi vya sifa

b. Vivumishi vya idadi au kiasi.

c. Vivumishi vya kuuliza.

d. Vivumishi vya kuonesha/ viashiria e. Vivumishi vya kumiliki.

f. Vivumishi vya –a unganifu.

g. Vivumishi vya amba h.

Vivumishi vya pekee.

i. Vivumishi vya jina/nomino.

j. Vivumishi vya ki-mfanano

Vivumishi vilivyo hapa chini vimetambulishwa bila kiambishi awali chochote, ili uweze kuvitambua kutoka katika mizizi yao.
Vivumishi hupitisha kiambishi awali kinachokubaliana na nomino inayostahiki.
Makubaliano ya viambishi awali yanategemea Ngeli za nomino ambavyo vinakubaliana nazo.

The adjectives below are introduced without any prefix, so that you may recognize them from their roots.
Adjectives adopt the prefix that agrees with the noun they qualify in.
The agreement of the prefixes is identical to the class prefixes of the nouns with which they agree.

Mifano:
1. -zuri [good, nice, beautiful]
2. -baya [bad]
3. -dogo [small, little]
4. -kubwa [big]
5. -ingi [a lot, many]
6. -chache [a few, some]
7. -refu [tall]
8. -fupi [short]
9. -zee [old]
10. -pya [new]
11. -changa [young]
12. -haba [few]
13. -tele [plenty]

C). Adjectives with Bantu origin
-ke [female]
-baya [bad] -kubwa [big]
-bichi [unripe] -kuu [great]
-bivu [ripe] -kuukuu [old]
-bovu [bad] -moja [one]
-chache [few] -nene [big]
-choyo [stingy/mean] -nono [fat]
-dogo [small] -ororo [soft]
-ekundu [red] -ovu [evil]
-ema [fine] -pana [wide]
-embamba [thin/slender] -pya [new]
-epesi [light] -refu [tall]
-erevu [clever] -tamu [sweet]
-eupe [white] -tupu [empty]
-eusi [black] -ume [male]
-fupi [short] -vivu [weak]
-geni [new] -zee [old]
-gumu [hard] -zima [whole]
-kali [fierce] -zito [heavy]
-kavu [dry] -zuri [good]
-katili [mean]

D). Adjectives with non‐Bantu origin
These borrowed adjectives do not have prefixes
bora [suitable]
safi [clean]
nadhifu [clean/smart]
dhalili [weak/feable]
duni [insignificant person/lowly]
rahisi [cheap]
ghali [expensive/exorbitant]
baridi [cold]
hodari [skilled]
tele [abundant]
kamili [exact]
haba [rare]
muhimu [important]
shujaa [brave]
stadi [steadfast]
bingwa [winner/victor]


E). Verbal Adjectives
-angavu [bright]
-vumilivu [persevering]
-changamfu [happy]
-tulivu [calm]
-tukufu [excellency]
-dhaifu [weak]
-takatifu [holy]
-nyamavu [silent]
-kunjufu [pure (heart)]
-potovu [wayward

VITENZI/VERBS
Kiswahili
English

Lala
Sleep

Kimbia
Run

Cheza
Play

Iba
Steal

Penda
Love/like

Imba
Sing

Nunua
Buy

Kunywa
Drink

Kata
Cut

Jenga
Build

Pika
Cook

Piga
Beat

Sumbua
Disturb

Pigana
Figt

Lia
Cry

Cheka
Laugh

Fua / safisha / osha
Wash

Kiswahili
English