2. Salamu za Kawaida (Greetings)

Kiswahili	Kiingereza	Matumizi
Habari	Hello / How are you	Salamu ya jumla
Habari za asubuhi	Good morning	Asubuhi (6:00–11:00)
Habari za mchana	Good afternoon	Mchana (12:00–15:00)
Habari za jioni	Good evening	Jioni (16:00–19:00)
Usiku mwema	Good night	Kabla ya kulala
Shikamoo	Greeting of respect	Kwa wakubwa/wazee
Marahaba	Response to Shikamoo	Jibu la heshima
Karibu	Welcome	Kumkaribisha mgeni
Asante	Thank you	Shukrani
Hujambo?	Are you well?	Kwa mtu mmoja
Sijambo	I am fine	Jibu
Hamjambo?	Are you all well?	Kwa watu wengi
Hatujambo	We are fine	Jibu

Mfano wa Mazungumzo

A: Habari za asubuhi?
B: Nzuri, asante. Na wewe je?
A: Nzuri pia, asante.

3. Utambulisho (Self-Introductions)

Maneno Muhimu

Kiswahili	Kiingereza
Jina langu ni …	My name is …
Mimi ni mwanafunzi wa kozi ya kilimo.	I am an Agribusiness student.
Ninatoka …	I come from …
Ninaishi …	I live in …
Ninasoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bugema	I study at Bugema University.
Ninafuraha kukutana na wewe.	Nice to meet you.

Mfano wa Mazungumzo Sokoni

A: Shikamoo!
B: Marahaba, karibu sokoni.
A: Asante. Jina langu ni Peter. Ninasomea kozi ya kilimo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bugema.
B: Karibu sana Peter. Unatafuta mazao gani leo?

MAZUNGUMZO KATI YA AMINA NA JUMA

Amina (Mteja):
Habari za asubuhi bwana mkulima.

Juma (Mkulima):
Nzuri sana, asante. Habari yako pia?

Amina:
Nzuri. Jina langu ni Amina, mwanafunzi wa KOZI YA KILIMO katika Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere.

Juma:
Nafurahi kukutana na wewe Amina. Mimi naitwa Juma, mkulima wa mboga na matunda.

Amina:
Karibu sana. Ni mazao gani unauza leo?

Juma:
Nina viazi vitamu, nyanya, na matunda kama maembe na mapera.

Amina:
Bei ya beseni moja ya nyanya ni shilingi ngapi?

Juma:
Ni shilingi elfu kumi, lakini kwa wanafunzi kama wewe naweza kukupa kwa elfu tisa.

Amina:
Asante kwa punguzo la bei. Nipe beseni tano tafadhali.

Juma:
Sawa, haya ni nyanya bora zenye afya nzuri.

Amina:
Nashukuru. Nitazitumia kwa mafunzo ya kilimo cha biashara.

Juma:
Karibu tena shambani kwangu ili uone mbinu za uzalishaji.

Amina:
Nitafurahi kutembelea. Asante sana kwa huduma nzuri.

Vokali za Kiswahili

Kiswahili kina vokali tano (5). Kila vokali inatamkwa kwa sauti moja tu bila kubadilika. Hizi vokali ni:

Vokali (vowels)	Matamshi (Pronounciation)	Mfano wa Neno (example)	Maana (kwa Kiingereza)
A	a (kama father)	andika	write
E	e (kama bed)	embe	mango
I	i (kama see)	imba	sing
O	o (kama go lakini fupi)	ota	dream/germinate
U	u (kama rule)	uma	bite

Matumizi katika sentensi (usage in a sentence)

1. Mwanafunzi anaandika notisi
2. Mkulima analima embe
3. Mtoto ameota
4. Mvulana anauma chakula.

Konsonanti za Kiswahili

Kiswahili kina konsonanti 26. Baadhi zimetokana na alfabeti ya Kiingereza, lakini matamshi yake ni tofauti na yamewekwa kwa mpangilio rahisi. Zina sauti thabiti, hazibadiliki kulingana na neno.

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Orodha ya Konsonanti 26

Konsonanti	Matamshi kwa Kiswahili	Mfano wa Neno	Maana (Kiingereza)
B	b	baba	father
CH (hutumika katika ch tu)	ch	chai	tea
D	d	dada	sister
DH	dh (kama this)	dhahabu	gold
F	f	FUVU	SKULL
G	g (ngumu)	gari	car
GH	gh (kama sauti ya koo, Kigujarati/ Kiarabu)	ghala	store
H	h	habari	news
J	j (kama jam)	jua	sun
K	k	kuku	chicken
KH	kh (kama sauti ya kha ya Kiarabu)	khalifa	caliph/leader
L	l	lala	sleep
M	m	mama	mother
N	n	ndege	bird
NG’	ng’ (kama ng’ombe)	ng’ombe	cow
P	p	pesa	money
R	r (lafudhi ya kifurushi kidogo)	rafiki	friend
S	s	soko	market
SH	sh	shamba	farm
T	t	tamu	sweet
TH	th (kama think, sauti laini)	thamani	value
V	v	viazi	potatoes
W	w	wiki	week
Y	y	yeye	he/she
Z	z	zabibu	grapes

Ngeli za Nomino (Noun classifications)

M-WA Noun Class

(Umoja/Wingi)

M-WA Noun Class – Simplified Grammatical Table

Nomino (Noun)	Vionyeshi (Demonstratives)	Kuwa na Vivumishi (To be + Adjective)
Mtoto (child)	huyu (This)/yule (that)	ni mzuri. (is good/beautiful.) si mzuri. (is not good/beautiful.)
Watoto (children)	hawa (These)/wale (Those)	ni wazuri. (are good/beautiful.) si wazuri. (are not good/beautiful.)
Mzee (old man)	huyu/yule	ni mzuri. (is good/beautiful.) si mzuri. (is not good/beautiful.)
Wazee (old men)	hawa/wale	ni wazuri. (are good/beautiful.) si wazuri. (are not good/beautiful.)
Mwalimu (teacher)	huyu/yule	ni mzuri. (is good/beautiful.) si mzuri. (is not good/beautiful.)
Walimu (teachers)	hawa/wale	ni wazuri. (are good/beautiful.) si wazuri. (are not good/beautiful.)
Mkulima (farmer)	huyu/yule	ni hodari. (is skilled.) si hodari. (is not skilled.)
Wakulima (farmers)	hawa/wale	ni hodari. (are skilled.) si hodari. (are not skilled.)
Mwanafunzi (student)	huyu/yule	ni makini. (is diligent.) si makini. (is not diligent.)
Wanafunzi (students)	hawa/wale	ni makini. (are diligent.) si makini. (are not diligent.)

Ngeli ya LI-YA (Noun Class Li-ya)

Singular (Umoja)	Plural (Wingi)
yai (egg)	mayai (eggs)
tunda (fruit)	matunda (fruits)
jiwe (stone)	mawe (stones)
jambo (thing/matter)	mambo (things/matters)
jicho (eye)	macho (eyes)
jino (tooth)	meno (teeth)
jina (name)	majina (names)
jani (leaf)	majani (leaves)
jibu (answer/response)	majibu (answers/responses)
jozi (pair)	majozi (pairs)
jarida (magazine/journal)	majarida (magazines/journals)
jeshi (army/military)	majeshi (armies)
jiko (stove/kitchen hearth)	meko (stoves/kitchen hearths)
jiwe la moto (coal/charcoal)	mawe ya moto (coals/charcoals)
jambo la siri (secret matter)	mambo ya siri (secret matters)
jicho la samaki (fish eye)	macho ya samaki (fish eyes)
jiwe la pwani (beach stone)	mawe ya pwani (beach stones)
jiwe la kale (ancient stone)	mawe ya kale (ancient stones)

LI-YA Noun Class – Simplified Grammatical Table

Nomino (Noun)	Vionyeshi (Demonstrative)	Kuwa + vivumishi (To be + Adjective)
Yai (egg)	hili (This)/lile (That)	ni tamu. (is sweet.) si tamu. (is not sweet.)
Mayai (eggs)	haya (these)/yale (those)	ni matamu. (are sweet.) si matamu. (are not sweet.)
Tunda (fruit)	hili/lile	ni jipya. (is fresh.) si jipya. (is not fresh.)
Matunda (fruits)	haya/yale	ni mapya. (are fresh.) si mapya. (are not fresh.)
Jiwe (stone)	hili/lile	ni gumu. (is hard.) si gumu. (is not hard.)
Mawe (stones)	haya/yale	ni magumu. (are hard.) si magumu. (are not hard.)
Jani (leaf)	hili/lile	ni safi. (is clean.) si safi. (is not clean.)
Majani (leaves)	haya/yale	ni masafi. (are clean.) si masafi. (are not clean.)
Jibu (answer)	hili/lile	ni sahihi. (is correct.) si sahihi. (is not correct.)
Majibu (answers)	haya/yale	ni sahihi. (are correct.) si sahihi. (are not correct.)

KI-VI Noun Class – General Nouns (Including Agricultural Tools)

Singular (KI-)	Plural (VI-)
Kijembe (hoe)	Vijembe (hoes)
Kisu (knife)	Visu (knives)
Kikombe (cup/container)	Vikombe (cups/containers)
Kiti (chair/stool)	Viti (chairs/stools)
Kijiti (stick/support)	Vijiti (sticks/supports)
Kisima (well)	Visima (wells)
Kipande (piece/part)	Vipande (pieces/parts)
Kibaba (basket/container)	Vibaba (baskets/containers)
Kifaa (equipment/tool)	Vifaa (tools/equipment)
Kioo (glass/mirror)	Vioo (glasses/mirrors)
Kijiko (spoon/tool for feeding)	Vijiko (spoons/tools)
Kiwembe (sickle)	Viwembe (sickles)
Kitabu (book)	Vitabu (books)
Kisu cha chakula (kitchen knife)	Visu vya chakula (kitchen knives)
Kiumbe (creature/animal)	Viumbe (creatures/animals)
Kipande cha mbao (piece of wood)	Vipande vya mbao (pieces of wood)
Kioo cha dirisha (window glass)	Vioo vya dirisha (window glasses)
Kijiko cha chakula (spoon)	Vijiko vya chakula (spoons)
Kifaa cha shamba (farm equipment/tool)	Vifaa vya shamba (farm tools/equipment)

KI-VI Noun Class – Simplified Grammatical Table

Nomino (Noun)	Vionyeshi (Demonstrative)	Kuwa + Vivumishi (To be + Adjective)
Kijembe (hoe)	hiki (This)/kile (that)	ni kikali. (is sharp.) si kikali. (is not sharp.)
Vijembe (hoes)	hivi (These)/vile (Those)	ni vikali. (are sharp.) si vikali. (are not sharp.)
Kisu (knife)	hiki/kile	ni kidogo. (is small.) si kidogo. (is not small.)
Visu (knives)	hivi/vile	ni vidogo. (are small.) si vidogo. (are not small.)
Kikombe (cup/container)	hiki/kile	ni kizuri. (is good/beautiful.) si kizuri. (is not good/beautiful.)
Vikombe (cups/containers)	hivi/vile	ni vizuri. (are good/beautiful.) si vizuri. (are not good/beautiful.)
Kiti (chair/stool)	hiki/kile	ni kikubwa. (is big.) si kikubwa. (is not big.)
Viti (chairs/stools)	hivi/vile	ni vikubwa. (are big.) si vikubwa. (are not big.)
Kisima (well)	hiki/kile	ni kirefu. (is deep.) si kirefu. (is not deep.)
Visima (wells)	hivi/vile	ni virefu. (are deep.) si virefu. (are not deep

msamiati wa Biashara, Fedha na Biashara ya Kilimo (Vocabulary: Business, Money & Agribusiness)

Kiswahili	English	Example Sentence (Kiswahili)	Meaning (English)
Biashara	Business	Anafanya biashara ya maziwa.	She does a milk business.
Soko	Market	Nitaenda sokoni kesho.	I will go to the market tomorrow.
Bei	Price	Bei ya mahindi imepanda.	The price of maize has increased.
Fedha / Pesa	Money	Sina pesa ya kutosha leo.	I don’t have enough money today.
Mteja	Customer	Mteja alinunua viazi kumi.	The customer bought ten potatoes.
Muuzaji	Seller	Muuzaji anapima sukari.	The seller is weighing sugar.
Mkulima	Farmer	Mkulima huuza mazao yake sokoni.	The farmer sells his produce at the market.
Mazao	Produce / Crops	Mazao yamevunwa vizuri.	The crops have been harvested well.
Mahindi	Maize	Tunauza gunia moja la mahindi.	We sell one sack of maize.
Gunia	Sack / Bag	Gunia moja lina kilo hamsini.	One sack has fifty kilograms.
Kilo	Kilogram	Bei ni elfu moja kwa kilo.	The price is 1,000 per kilogram.
Shilingi	Shilling	Ananipa elfu tano.	He gives me five thousand shillings.
Manunuzi	Purchase	Manunuzi yanafanyika kila Ijumaa.	Purchases take place every Friday.
Mauzo	Sales	Mauzo yameongezeka mwaka huu.	Sales have increased this year.
Faida	Profit	Amefaidika kwa kuuza ndizi.	He has made a profit from selling bananas.
Hasara	Loss	Wakulima walipata hasara kutokana na ukame.	Farmers suffered a loss due to drought.
Bei ya jumla	Wholesale price	Wauzaji wanapendelea bei ya jumla.	Sellers prefer the wholesale price.
Bei ya rejareja	Retail price	Bei ya rejareja ni kubwa zaidi.	The retail price is higher.
Mikopo	Loans	Wakulima wanahitaji mikopo.	Farmers need loans.
Benki	Bank	Amefungua akaunti katika benki.	He opened an account in the bank.
Akaunti	Account	Akaunti yangu ina salio dogo.	My account has a small balance.
Malipo	Payment	Malipo yanafanywa kwa simu.	Payment is made by phone.
Kutuma pesa	To send money	Nimetuma pesa kwa simu.	I have sent money on phone.
Kukopa	To borrow	Nililazimika kukopa pesa.	I had to borrow money.
Kulipa	To pay	Nitalipa kesho.	I will pay tomorrow.
Kununua	To buy	Wateja wananunua maziwa.	Customers buy milk.
Kuuza	To sell	Tunauza mazao kwa jumla.	We sell produce in bulk.
Mauzo ya mkulima	Farm sales	Mauzo ya mkulima yameimarika.	The farmer’s sales have improved.
Gharama	Cost	Gharama za uzalishaji ni kubwa.	Production costs are high.
Uzalishaji	Production	Uzalishaji wa kahawa umeongezeka.	Coffee production has increased.
Ushuru	Tax / Levy	Wakulima wanalipa ushuru wa soko.	Farmers pay a market tax.
Wauzaji	sellers/Vendors	Wauzaji wameshuka bei leo.	Vendors have lowered prices today.
Wanunuzi	Buyers	Wanunuzi walifika mapema.	Buyers arrived early.
Mauzo kwa mkopo	Credit sales	Ameuza maziwa kwa mkopo.	He sold milk on credit.
Bei nafuu	Affordable price	Anauza kwa bei nafuu.	He sells at an affordable price.
Mapato	Income	Mapato ya kila mwezi ni mazuri.	Monthly income is good.
Uwekezaji	Investment	Wakulima wanafanya uwekezaji mpya.	Farmers are making new investments.
Tani	Ton	Tumepata tani moja ya mahindi.	We got one ton of maize.
Ujasiriamali	Entrepreneurship	Ujasiriamali unasaidia vijana.	Entrepreneurship helps youth.
Ushirikiano	Cooperation	Ushirikiano wa wakulima ni muhimu.	Farmer cooperation is important.
Ushirika	Cooperative	Yeye ni mwanachama wa ushirika.	He is a member of the cooperative.

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💬 Useful Agribusiness Phrases (Maneno ya Biashara ya Kilimo)

Kiswahili	English
Naomba upunguze bei kidogo.	Please reduce the price a little.
Bei ya mwisho ni ngapi?	What is your final price?
Tunauza kwa jumla na rejareja.	We sell both wholesale and retail.
Tunalipia kwa simu.	We pay by phone.
Bidhaa hizi ni bora.	These products are of good quality.
Mavuno ni mengi mwaka huu.	The harvest is plenty this year.
Gharama za mbegu zimepanda.	The cost of seeds has gone up.
Tunahitaji soko la nje.	We need an external market.
Tumepata faida kubwa.	We have made a big profit.
Wateja wetu wameridhika.	Our customers are satisfied.

Competence C2: Vitenzi na Nyakati (Verbs & Tenses)

1. Wakati wa Sasa (Simple Present Tense)

Hutumika kuelezea matendo yanayofanyika sasa, tabia, au ukweli wa jumla.
(Used to describe actions happening now, habits, or general truths.)

Muundo: Nafsi + na + mzizi wa kitenzi

Mfano:

• Ninapanda mahindi kila asubuhi. (I plant maize every morning.)
• Mkulima anasafisha shamba lake. (The farmer cleans his farm.)
• Wakulima wanauza matunda sokoni. (Farmers sell fruits at the market.)
• Wateja wanakulipa kwa simu. (Customers pay by phone.)

Mazoezi: Andika sentensi 5 ukitumia wakati wa sasa kuhusu shughuli za kilimo na biashara.
(Exercise: Write 5 sentences in present tense about farming and business activities.)

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2. Wakati Uliopita (Past Tense)

Hutumika kuelezea matendo yaliyofanyika tayari.
(Used to describe actions that have already happened.)

Muundo: Nafsi + li + mzizi wa kitenzi

Mfano:

• Nilivuna mahindi jana. (I harvested maize yesterday.)
• Wakulima walipanda mboga wiki iliyopita. (Farmers planted vegetables last week.)
• Mteja alinunua mazao sokoni. (The customer bought produce at the market.)
• Tumepata faida kubwa msimu uliopita. (We made a big profit last season.)

Mazoezi: Andika historia fupi ya kile ulichopanda au kuuza katika msimu uliopita.
(Exercise: Write a short story about what you planted or sold last season.)

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3. Wakati Ujao (Future Tense)

Hutumika kuelezea matendo yatakayofanyika baadaye.
(Used to describe actions that will happen later.)

Muundo: Nafsi + ta + mzizi wa kitenzi

Mfano:

• Nitapanda mahindi kesho. (I will plant maize tomorrow.)
• Wakulima watashiriki soko la mkulima wiki ijayo. (Farmers will participate in the farmers’ market next week.)
• Tutapokea malipo ya mauzo ya mkulima kesho. (We will receive payment for the farmer’s sales tomorrow.)
• Wateja watalipia kwa simu baada ya mauzo. (Customers will pay by phone after purchases.)

Mazoezi: Andika mpango wa shughuli zako za kilimo na biashara kwa wakati ujao.
(Exercise: Write a plan of your farming and business activities in future tense.)

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Competence C2: Muundo wa Sentensi na Ulinganifu (Sentence Structure & Agreement)

• Mkulima anauza mazao sokoni. (The farmer sells produce at the market.)
• Mteja anakagua bidhaa kabla ya kulipia. (The customer inspects goods before paying.)
• Muuzaji anapunguza bei ili kuvutia wanunuzi. (The seller reduces the price to attract buyers.)
• Wakulima wanashirikiana ili kupata soko la nje. (Farmers cooperate to get an external market.)
• Wateja wanalipa kwa simu. (Customers pay by phone.)

Kumbuka: Hakikisha kitenzi kinaendana na nafsi na nomino kwa ulinganifu sahihi.
(Note: Ensure the verb agrees with the subject and noun in correct noun class agreement.)

Mazoezi: Unganisha maneno yafuatayo kuwa sentensi sahihi:

• [Mkulima / kuuza / sokoni] (The farmer / sells / at the market)
• [Mteja / kulipa / simu] (The customer / pays / by phone)
• [Wakulima / kupanda / mboga] (Farmers / plant / vegetables)

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Competence C4: Msamiati wa Kilimo, Biashara na Fedha (Vocabulary: Farm, Market & Finance)

Kiswahili	English	Mfano (Kiswahili)	Meaning (English)
Biashara	Business	Anafanya biashara ya maziwa.	She does a milk business.
Soko	Market	Nitaenda sokoni kesho.	I will go to the market tomorrow.
Bei	Price	Bei ya mahindi imepanda.	The price of maize has increased.
Pesa / Fedha	Money	Sina pesa ya kutosha leo.	I don’t have enough money today.
Mteja	Customer	Mteja alinunua viazi kumi.	The customer bought ten potatoes.
Muuzaji	Seller	Muuzaji anapima sukari.	The seller is weighing sugar.
Mkulima	Farmer	Mkulima huuza mazao sokoni.	The farmer sells his produce at the market.
Mazao	Produce / Crops	Mazao yamevunwa vizuri.	The crops have been harvested well.
Mahindi	Maize	Tunauza gunia moja la mahindi.	We sell one sack of maize.
Gunia	Sack / Bag	Gunia moja lina kilo hamsini.	One sack has fifty kilograms.
Kilo	Kilogram	Bei ni elfu moja kwa kilo.	The price is 1,000 per kilogram.
Shilingi	Shilling	Ananipa elfu tano.	He gives me five thousand shillings.
Manunuzi	Purchase	Manunuzi yanafanyika kila Ijumaa.	Purchases take place every Friday.
Mauzo	Sales	Mauzo yameongezeka mwaka huu.	Sales have increased this year.
Faida	Profit	Amefaidika kwa kuuza ndizi.	He has made a profit from selling bananas.
Hasara	Loss	Wakulima walipata hasara kutokana na ukame.	Farmers suffered a loss due to drought.
Bei ya jumla	Wholesale price	Wauzaji wanapendelea bei ya jumla.	Sellers prefer the wholesale price.
Bei ya rejareja	Retail price	Bei ya rejareja ni kubwa zaidi.	The retail price is higher.
Mikopo	Loans	Wakulima wanahitaji mikopo.	Farmers need loans.
Benki	Bank	Amefungua akaunti katika benki.	He opened an account in the bank.
Akaunti	Account	Akaunti yangu ina salio dogo.	My account has a small balance.
Malipo	Payment	Malipo yanafanywa kwa simu.	Payment is made by phone.
Kutuma pesa	To send money	Nimetuma pesa kwa simu.	I have sent money by phone.
Kukopa	To borrow	Nililazimika kukopa pesa.	I had to borrow money.
Kulipa	To pay	Nitalipa kesho.	I will pay tomorrow.
Kununua	To buy	Wateja wananunua maziwa.	Customers buy milk.
Kuuza	To sell	Tunauza mazao kwa jumla.	We sell produce in bulk.
Mauzo ya mkulima	Farm sales	Mauzo ya mkulima yameimarika.	The farmer’s sales have improved.
Gharama	Cost	Gharama za uzalishaji ni kubwa.	Production costs are high.
Uzalishaji	Production	Uzalishaji wa kahawa umeongezeka.	Coffee production has increased.
Ushuru	Tax / Levy	Wakulima wanalipa ushuru wa soko.	Farmers pay a market tax.
Wauzaji	Sellers / Vendors	Wauzaji wameshuka bei leo.	Vendors have lowered prices today.
Wanunuzi	Buyers	Wanunuzi walifika mapema.	Buyers arrived early.
Mauzo kwa mkopo	Credit sales	Ameuza maziwa kwa mkopo.	He sold milk on credit.
Bei nafuu	Affordable price	Anauza kwa bei nafuu.	He sells at an affordable price.
Mapato	Income	Mapato ya kila mwezi ni mazuri.	Monthly income is good.
Uwekezaji	Investment	Wakulima wanafanya uwekezaji mpya.	Farmers are making new investments.
Tani	Ton	Tumepata tani moja ya mahindi.	We got one ton of maize.
Ujasiriamali	Entrepreneurship	Ujasiriamali unasaidia vijana.	Entrepreneurship helps youth.
Ushirikiano	Cooperation	Ushirikiano wa wakulima ni muhimu.	Farmer cooperation is important.
Ushirika	Cooperative	Yeye ni mwanachama wa ushirika.	He is a member of the cooperative.

Scenario 1: Mauzo Sokoni na Malipo (Market Sales & Payments)

Hali (Scenario):
Mkulima amepanda mahindi na maharagwe. Anapanga kuuza mavuno yake sokoni kesho. Mteja mmoja anakuja na simu ili afanye malipo.
(A farmer has planted maize and beans. He plans to sell his harvest at the market tomorrow. A customer comes with a mobile payment.)

Mazoezi (Exercises):

1. Andika sentensi 3 za wakati wa sasa kuhusu shughuli za mkulima.
   (Write 3 present tense sentences about the farmer’s activities.)
   • Mfano: Mkulima anapanda mahindi na maharagwe. (The farmer is planting maize and beans.)
2. Andika sentensi 2 za wakati uliopita zikielezea mavuno yaliyopandwa msimu uliopita.
   (Write 2 past tense sentences about crops planted last season.)
3. Andika sentensi 2 za wakati ujao zikielezea mpango wa kuuza mavuno.
   (Write 2 future tense sentences about plans to sell the harvest.)
4. Tumia maneno yafuatayo katika sentensi zako:
   • Mteja (customer), Malipo (payment), Gunia (sack), Gharama (cost), Faida (profit).

Scenario 2: Changamoto za Biashara na Ushirikiano (Business Challenges & Cooperation)

Hali (Scenario):
Wakulima wameripoti kuongezeka kwa gharama za mbegu na madawa. Kundi la wakulima linafanya mradi wa pamoja wa kuuza mboga na matunda sokoni.
(Farmers report increasing costs of seeds and chemicals. A group of farmers is running a joint project to sell vegetables and fruits at the market.)

Mazoezi (Exercises):

1. Andika sentensi 3 ukielezea changamoto zinazowakabili wakulima.
   (Write 3 sentences describing the challenges farmers face.)
2. Andika sentensi 3 kuhusu ushirikiano wa wakulima ukitumia maneno:
   • Ushirikiano (cooperation), Ushirika (cooperative), Uwekezaji (investment).
3. Tunga ripoti fupi kuhusu jinsi ushirikiano huu unavyosaidia kuongeza mapato na faida.
   (Write a short report on how this cooperation helps increase income and profits.)
4. Elezea tofauti kati ya:
   • Mauzo ya jumla vs Mauzo ya rejareja (Wholesale vs retail sales)
   • Kuuza kwa mkopo vs Kuuza kwa pesa taslimu (Credit sales vs cash sales)

Scenario 3: Ujasiriamali na Soko la Nje (Entrepreneurship & External Markets)

Hali (Scenario):
Mkulima mchanga anataka kuanzisha biashara ya kuuza mazao ya kilimo sokoni na kwa wateja wa kimataifa. Anahitaji kupanga bajeti, kuhesabu gharama na faida, na kutafuta soko la nje.
(A young farmer wants to start a business selling agricultural produce locally and to international customers. He needs to plan a budget, calculate costs and profits and find an external market.)

Mazoezi (Exercises):

1. Andika sentensi 3 kuhusu mpango wa ujasiriamali wa mkulima.
   (Write 3 sentences about the farmer’s entrepreneurship plan.)
2. Tumia maneno yafuatayo katika sentensi zako:
   • Uwekezaji (investment), Mapato (income), Gharama (cost), Faida (profit), Soko la nje (external market).
3. Andika tangazo fupi la sokoni linalotumia msamiati wa kilimo na maneno ya mauzo.
   (Write a short market advertisement using agribusiness vocabulary.)
4. Elezea kwa sentensi mbili jinsi ujasiriamali huu unavyoweza kusaidia kuongeza mapato na kujenga vipaji vya vijana.
   (Explain in 2 sentences how this entrepreneurship can help increase income and develop youth skills.)

Unit 2: Mazoezi ya Kusoma – Maandishi Mafupi (Reading Practice – Short Texts)

Lengo la Somo (Learning Objective):
Kuwa na uelewa wa maandishi mafupi yanayohusiana na biashara na kilimo, na kuelezea taarifa muhimu kwa Kiswahili sanifu.
(To understand short texts related to business and agribusiness, and interpret key information in proper Kiswahili.)

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1. Mfano wa Maandishi Mafupi (Example Short Text)

Kiswahili:
Taarifa ya Ushirika wa Wakulima
Shirika la Ushirika wa Wakulima wa Kahawa limeandaa mkutano katika ukumbi wa kijiji. Wakulima zaidi ya 50 walihudhuria. Mkutano huu ulikuwa na lengo la kujadili bei za soko, mbinu za kuongeza uzalishaji, na jinsi ya kulipa mikopo kwa wakati. Msemaji mkuu alisisitiza umuhimu wa kushirikiana ili kuongeza mapato na faida za wakulima wote.

English Translation:
Farmers’ Cooperative Notice
The Coffee Farmers’ Cooperative organized a meeting at the village hall. More than 50 farmers attended. The meeting aimed to discuss market prices, methods to increase production, and how to repay loans on time. The main speaker emphasized the importance of cooperation to increase the income and profits of all farmers.

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2. Vipengele Muhimu vya Kusoma (Key Reading Points)

1. Kusoma kwa uangalifu (Reading Carefully): Angalia taarifa muhimu kama nani, nini, wapi, lini, kwa nini.
   (Focus on key information like who, what, where, when, and why.)
2. Kuelewa msamiati maalum (Understanding Key Vocabulary):
   • Ushirika = Cooperative
   • Mkutano = Meeting
   • Bei ya soko = Market price
   • Uzalishaji = Production
   • Mikopo = Loans
   • Mapato = Income
   • Faida = Profit
3. Kuelezea maelezo kwa maneno yako (Summarizing in Your Own Words):
   • Andika kwa kifupi taarifa kuu kutoka kwenye maandishi.
     (Write briefly the main information from the text.)

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3. Mazoezi ya Scenario (Trial Scenarios)

Scenario 1:
Shirika la wakulima limefanya mkutano wa wiki hii kujadili bei ya kahawa. Andika sentensi 4 ukielezea lengo la mkutano na idadi ya wakulima waliokuwa hapo.
(The farmers’ cooperative held a meeting this week to discuss coffee prices. Write 4 sentences describing the purpose of the meeting and the number of farmers who attended.)

Scenario 2:
Msemaji mkuu wa ushirika alisisitiza umuhimu wa kushirikiana ili kuongeza faida. Andika sentensi 3 ukitumia maneno ushirikiano, faida, mapato.
(The main speaker emphasized the importance of cooperation to increase profit. Write 3 sentences using the words cooperation, profit, and income.)

Scenario 3:
Mkutano wa wakulima ulijadili mbinu za kuongeza uzalishaji na kulipa mikopo kwa wakati. Andika sentensi 4 zinazoelezea hatua ambazo wakulima wanaweza kuchukua.
(The farmers’ meeting discussed ways to increase production and repay loans on time. Write 4 sentences describing the steps farmers can take.)

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Tip:
Kila wakati soma maandishi mafupi kwa makini, tafsiri maneno magumu kwa Kiswahili sanifu, na jaribu kueleza maelezo kwa maneno yako.
(Always read short texts carefully, translate difficult words into standard Kiswahili, and try to summarize in your own words.)

Unit: Writing Practice – Simple Business Letters in Kiswahili

Learning Competence: C3 – Writing Practice: Simple Messages

Objective:

Learners will be able to write simple, clear business letters in Kiswahili for agribusiness purposes.

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Mfano wa Barua ya Biashara (Simple Sample Business Letter)

Kiswahili (Simple Version):

Tarehe: 22 Oktoba 2025
Kutoka: Amina Mwajuma
Gugudde Agribusiness Ltd, Kampala

Kwa: Bwana Juma
Muuza Mahindi, Sokoni, Kampala

Mada: Maombi ya Kununua Mahindi na Mbegu

Mpendwa Bwana Juma,

Natumai una afya njema. Ninaandika barua hii kuomba kununua bidhaa zako za kilimo.

Ningependa kununua gunia kumi (10) la mahindi safi na gunia tano (5) la mbegu ya mahindi. Tafadhali nipe bei ya bidhaa hizi na jinsi ya kulipa, kama kwa simu (mobile money) au benki (bank transfer).

Pia, tafadhali nieleze kama unaweza kusafirisha bidhaa hizi hadi sokoni au ofisini kwangu. Ni muhimu bidhaa ziwe safi na zenye ubora.

Tafadhali pia nipe taarifa kama kuna punguzo la bei (discount) kwa ununuzi wa jumla. Tunataka kuuza bidhaa hizi kwa wateja wetu na pia kusaidia wakulima wengine.

Nashukuru sana kwa msaada wako. Natarajia majibu yako mapema.

Kwa dhati,

Amina Mwajuma
Gugudde Agribusiness Ltd

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English Translation (For Learners):

Date: October 22, 2025
From: Amina Mwajuma, Gugudde Agribusiness Ltd, Kampala
To: Mr. Juma, Maize Seller, Market, Kampala

Subject: Request to Buy Maize and Seeds

Dear Mr. Juma,

I hope you are in good health. I am writing this letter to request to buy your agricultural products.

I would like to buy ten (10) sacks of clean maize and five (5) sacks of maize seeds. Please give me the prices of these products and the payment methods, like mobile money or bank transfer.

Also, please tell me if you can deliver these products to the market or to my office. It is important that the products are clean and of good quality.

Please also let me know if there is a discount for bulk purchases. We want to sell these products to our customers and also help other farmers.

Thank you very much for your help. I look forward to your reply.

Sincerely,
Amina Mwajuma

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Vipengele Muhimu vya Kujifunza (Key Notes for Learners)

1. Vipengele vya Barua ya Biashara (Components):
   • Tarehe (Date)
   • Anwani za mwandishi na mpokeaji (Sender & Receiver Address)
   • Mada / Subject
   • Salamu (Salutation)
   • Utangulizi (Introduction)
   • Mwili (Body – Requests & Details)
   • Hitimisho (Conclusion)
   • Sahihi (Signature)
2. Maneno Muhimu ya Biashara na Kilimo (Key Vocabulary):
   • Gunia = Sack
   • Mbegu = Seed
   • Bei = Price
   • Malipo = Payment
   • Usafirishaji = Delivery
   • Ubora = Quality
   • Punguzo la Bei = Discount
3. Vidokezo vya Kuandika (Writing Tips):
   • Tumia sentensi fupi na rahisi.
   • Andika kwa heshima na Kiswahili sanifu.
   • Elezea kiasi, bei, malipo, na masharti ya usafirishaji.
   • Hakikisha maelezo yote muhimu yamejumuishwa.

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Scenario-Based Trial Questions

1. Scenario 1:
   Unataka kununua gunia tano la mahindi na gunia mbili la mbegu kutoka kwa muuzaji sokoni. Andika barua ya Kiswahili ukieleza kiasi na bei.
2. Scenario 2:
   Kampuni yako inahitaji mbegu ya mahindi kwa msimu ujao. Andika barua kwa muuzaji ukitaja masharti ya malipo na usafirishaji.
3. Scenario 3:
   Wakulima wa kijiji chako wanataka kuuza zao lao kwa biashara yako. Andika barua ya Kiswahili ukieleza jinsi utakavyolipa na kupata bidhaa safi.

Unit: Reading and Comprehension – Short Agribusiness Texts

Competence: C3 – Reading Practice

Objective:

Learners will read short Kiswahili texts related to farming and markets, understand the main ideas, and answer questions to demonstrate comprehension.

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Mfano wa Maandishi Mafupi (Extended Text in Kiswahili)

Taarifa ya Soko la Mahindi na Ushirikiano wa Wakulima

Soko la mahindi la Bukasa linafanyika kila Jumatano asubuhi. Wakulima huleta mazao yao sokoni na wauzaji wanauza kwa wateja. Bei ya mahindi inategemea ubora wa mazao, wingi wa mazao sokoni, na mahitaji ya soko.

Mauzo ya wakulima yameongezeka mwaka huu kutokana na ushirikiano wa pamoja na kutumia malipo ya simu. Wakulima wanashirikiana kununua mbegu bora, mbolea, na pembejeo nyingine za kilimo ili kuongeza uzalishaji. Pia, wameunda vikundi vya ushirikiano ili kushirikiana katika kuuza mazao kwa bei nzuri sokoni.

Wakulima wengine pia wanajifunza mbinu za kuhifadhi mazao baada ya kuvuna ili kuzuia hasara. Wateja wa soko wanapenda kununua bidhaa zenye ubora wa juu, na hii inawahimiza wakulima kutoa mazao safi na salama.

Kwa kawaida, soko linaanza saa saba asubuhi na linaisha saa kumi na mbili jioni. Wauzaji huchagua sehemu nzuri sokoni ili wateja waone bidhaa zao vizuri. Wakulima wanapenda kuuza kwa bei nafuu ili wateja wengi wanunue. Malipo ya simu yamekuwa njia rahisi na salama ya kulipa bidhaa sokoni.

Mara kwa mara, wakulima hupata mafunzo ya kilimo kutoka kwa wataalamu wa kilimo na mashirika ya kijamii. Mafunzo haya yanawasaidia kujua mbinu mpya za kilimo, kuongeza mavuno, na kuendeleza biashara zao. Ushirikiano huu unaongeza faida na kuwawezesha wakulima kuwa na biashara endelevu.

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Vipengele Muhimu (Key Vocabulary / Notes)

• Soko – Market
• Asubuhi – Morning
• Wakulima – Farmers
• Wauzaji – Sellers
• Mauzo – Sales
• Ubora – Quality
• Mahitaji – Demand
• Uzalishaji – Production
• Malipo ya simu – Mobile money payment
• Mbegu bora – Quality seeds
• Mbolea – Fertilizer
• Pembejeo – Farming inputs
• Hasara – Loss
• Kuhifadhi mazao – Post-harvest storage
• Biashara endelevu – Sustainable business
• Mafunzo ya kilimo – Agricultural training

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Comprehension Questions (Maswali ya Kuelewa)

1. Je, soko la mahindi la Bukasa linafanyika lini?
2. Ni nani huleta mazao sokoni na nani wanauza kwa wateja?
3. Kwa nini bei ya mahindi hubadilika mara kwa mara?
4. Wakulima wanashirikiana katika nini ili kuongeza mauzo na uzalishaji?
5. Ni mbinu gani wakulima wanajifunza ili kuepuka hasara ya mazao?
6. Kwa nini wateja wanapendelea kununua bidhaa safi na salama?
7. Je, malipo ya simu yamewasaidiaje wakulima na wateja sokoni?
8. Je, mafanikio ya wakulima yanategemea nini zaidi?

Maswali ya Hali Halisi (C3, C4, C5)

Hali 1: Mpango wa Soko

Wewe ni mkulima unayetaka kuuza mahindi sokoni Bukasa wiki ijayo. Umegundua kwamba wiki iliyopita, bei ilikuwa ya chini kwa sababu wakulima wengi walileta mahindi sokoni.

Swali:

• Ungepangaje mauzo yako ya mahindi ili kupata bei nzuri? (Fikiria kuhusu muda wa kuuza, ubora wa mazao, na ushirikiano na wakulima wengine)

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Hali 2: Usimamizi wa Baada ya Mavuno

Baada ya kuvuna, mahindi yako yapo hatarini kuharibika kwa sababu hakuna mahali pazuri pa kuhifadhi. Umesikia wakulima wengine wa ushirika wanalihifadhi mahindi vizuri na kuuza kwa bei kubwa.

Swali:

• Ni hatua gani ungechukua ili kupunguza hasara na kuongeza faida?

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Hali 3: Mahusiano na Wateja

Mteja anaenda sokoni kununua mahindi kutoka kwako. Analalamika kuwa wiki iliyopita mahindi aliyonunua yalikuwa ya ubora mdogo.

Swali:

• Ungesuluhishaje hali hii ili kudumisha imani ya mteja na kuhakikisha wanarudi kununua tena?