Msamiati wa ukoo

Watu wa nyumbani huwa ni binadamu tunaoishi nao nyumbani kwetu. Watu wa nyumbani husaidia kutekeleza majukumu ya nyumbani ili familia kuwa na maendeleo mazuri.

Kuna watu tofauti tunaoishi nao nyumbani kwetu, yaani mama, baba, kaka, dada, binamu, babu, nyanya, shangazi, ami nk

Msamiati wa Majina ya Ukoo

Haya ni majina ya heshima yanayotumiwa na watu mbalimbali katika familia kulingana na uhusiano wao. Pia huitwa msamiati wa nasaba/jamaa/jamii.

Mifano

Familia Ndogo

Hii ni familia ya karibu, familia ya nyuklia (nuclear family) ambayo uhusisha tu wazazi na watoto wao.

1. baba: (father) ni mzazi wa kiume.
2. mama: (mother) mama ni mzazi wa kike.
3. mwana: (child) mtoto wako
4. mzazi: (parent) mtu aliyekuzaa.
5. ndugu: (sibling) mtoto wa mzazi/wazazi wako. Mara nyingi ‘ndugu’ hutumika kurejelea watoto waliozaliwa baada yako, au watoto wa kiume waliozaliwa na wazazi wako.
6. kaka: (brother) mvulana aliyezaliwa na mzazi/wazazi wako. Aghalabu kaka hurejelea mvulana aliyekutangulia kuzaliwa.
7. dada: sister)
   msichana aliyezaliwa na mzazi/wazazi wako. Aghalabu dada hutumika kurejelea wasichana waliokutangulia kuzaliwa.
8. bin: (son, mwana) mtoto wa kiume
9. binti: (daughter) mtoto wa kike.
10. kifungua mimba: (first born) mtoto wa kwanza kuzaliwa
11. Kifunga mimba: (last born)
    mtoto wa mwisho kuzaliwa
12. mapacha: (twins)
    watoto wawili waliozaliwa siku moja na mama mmoja
13. mke: wife (bibi, wife) mwanamke mliyefunga ndoa pamoja kuanzisha familia.
14. mume: (husband) mwanamume mliyefunga ndoa pamoja ili kuanzisha familia.
15. baba wa kambo:(stepfather)
    mwanaume aliyeoa mamako, na ambaye si baba yako wa damu.
16. mama wa kambo: (stepmother)
    mwanamke aliyeolewa na babako, na ambaye si mama yako wa damu

Familia Kubwa

Familia Kubwa huhusisha familia ndogo pamoja na wazazi wa baba/mama, ndugu za baba na mama, pamoja na watoto wao. Kwa Kiingereza, familia hii huitwa Extended Family.

1. babu: (grandfather) mzazi wa kiume wa mzazi wako. baba ya mama yako au baba yako.
2. nyanya: (grandmother, bibi)
   mzazi wa kike wa mzazi wako. mama aliyemzaaa mamako au babako.
3. mjukuu: (grandchild)
   mtoto wa mtoto wako
4. mjomba: (uncle), baba mkubwa, baba mdogo.)
   mvulana aliyezaliwa na babu au nyanya yako. Aghalabu mjomba hutumika kurejelea ndugu wa kiume wa mama yako. Katika mfumo huo, mvulana aliyezaliwa kabla ya babako huitwa baba mkubwa naye yule aliyezaliwa baada ya babako huitwa baba mdogo
5. shangazi: (aunt), mama mdogo, mama mkubwa.)
   msichana aliyezaliwa pamoja na mzazi wako. Aghalabu shangazi hutumika kurejelea ndugu wa kike wa baba yako. Katika mfumo huo, msichana aliyezaliwa kabla ya mamako huitwa mama mkubwa naye msichana aliyezaliwa baada ya mamako huitwa mama mdogo
6. mpwa: (nephew, niece)
   mtoto wa ndugu yako
7. amu: (mjomba)
   ndugu wa mzazi wako.
8. binamu: (cousin)
   mtoto wa mjomba wako
9. bintiamu: (cousin)
   mtoto wa kike wa mjomba wako. binamu wa kike.
10. shemeji: (sister-in-law, brother-in-law, relative by marriage) ndugu wa mkeo au mumeo. ndugu wa mke wa kakako, ndugu wa mume wa dadako. undugu unaotokana na ndoa.
11. wifi: (sister-in-law)
    mke wa ndugu yako.
12. mkwe: (mother in-law, fatherher in-law)
    mzazi wa mke wako au mume wako.
13. mkaza mjomba: (aunt-in-law)
    mke wa mjomba wako
14. mkaza mwana: (mkaza, daughter-in-law)
    mke wa mtoto wako
15. bavyaa: (father-in-law) (baba mkwe, father-in-law)
    baba mkwe. baba aliyemzaa mke wako au mume wako
16. mavyaa: mother-in-law (mama mkwe, mother-in-law)
    mama mkwe. mama aliyemzaa mke wako au mume wako.

Nasaba – Vizazi

Huu ni mpangilio wa watu wa ukoo mmoja kulingana na vizazi mbalimbali. Orodha hii imepangwa kulingana na mpangilio wa mzazi.

1. babu mkuu, nyanya mkuu: (great grandparents)
   mzazi wa babu au nyanya yako
2. babu, nyanya: (grandfather, grandmother) mzazi wa baba yako au mama yako
3. mzazi: (parent) mtu aliyekuzaa.
4. mwana: (child)
   mtoto wako.
5. mjukuu: (grandchild)
   mtoto wa mtoto wako
6. kitukuu: (great grandchild)
   mtoto wa mjukuu.
7. kinying’ina: (great-great grandchild) mtoto wa kitukuu.
8. kilembwe: (great-great-great grandchild) mtoto wa kinying’ina.
9. kilembwekeza: (great-great-great-great grandchild) mtoto wa kilembwe.
10. kitojo:(great-great-great-great-great grandchild)
    mtoto wa kilembwekeza.

Watu hao huwa na majukumu tofauti nyumbani kv

Mama hupika chakula nyumbani.

Dada hufagia nyumbani.

Kaka hukama ng’ombe.

Baba analipa Karo za shule.

SALAMU NA ADABU ZA KISWAHILI
Swahili greetings depend on the age of the participants, time of the day, and the context (formal or informal). Swahili greetings tend to be long and are usually initiated by the young persons to the older ones although the vice versa does happen.

Msamiati / Vocabulary
Habari (news) Nzuri, salama, safi, njema/fine

Habari za Juma, Alex, vicent News of Juma, Alex, Vicent

Asubuhi morning
Mchana day time
Jioni evening
Usiku night
Familia family
Baba dad
Mama mom
Kaka brother
Dada sister
Chuo university
Kazi job
Rafiki friend
Mbwa. dog
Paka cat
Nyumbani. home

Hujambo How are you?
Sijambo I am fine
Katongole hajambo How is katongole?
Katongole Hajambo katongole is fine
Doreen na shaimah hawajambo How are doreen and shaimah?
Hawajambo They are fine
Kwaheri Goodbye (1)
Kwaherini Goodbye all
Asanteni Thank you all.

Shikamoo
Shikamoo is a respectful greeting used by a young person to an older or superior person
“Marahaba” is the Response of shikamoo.

Itwa called
Ninaitwa am called
jina langu ni My name is
Nina I have
Sina I do not have

Mambo?; Sasa?; Niaje?; Mambo vipi?; Vipi? Maneno?
What’s Up?
The reply for all that could be, Poa, freshi, safi, hakuna nk (cool)

Salamu : Hujambo.
Hujambo is one of the most common greetings in Swahili. It is usually used among agemates. However, if someone who is older than you greets you using hujambo, you respond to the greeting word normally and greet them back using an age appropriate greeting.

Mfano
Asha: Hujambo, Ali?
Ali: Sijambo, Asha. Na wewe je, hujambo?
Asha: (Mimi) sijambo.
Ali: Kaka hajambo?
Asha: (Yeye) hajambo. Je, dada hajambo?
Ali: Hajambo pia.
Asha: Kwaheri Ali.
Ali: Kwaheri Asha.

Kazi mradi I: Hujambo.
Katika makundi, jaribisha kusalimiana kwa kutumia hujambo
(In pairs, practice to greet in Swahili using hujambo)

Mfano .
Allen: Hamjambo Asha na Jamila?
Aisha na John: (Sisi) hatujambo Ali. Wewe hujambo?
Allen: (mimi) sijambo. Baba na mama hawajambo?
Aisha na John: (wao) hawajambo, asante. Je, dada zako hawajambo?
Allen: (wao) hawajambo. Kwaherini.
Aisha na John: Kwaheri, tutaonana baadaye.

Kazi mradi : Hamjambo?
Katika vikundi vyenu, tunga mazungmzo kwa kutumia salamu hamjambo.

Sarufi (Grammar): viwakilishi vya Kiswahili (Swahili Pronouns)
You may have noticed that the jambo greeting changes depending on how many people are involved. There are 3 personal pronouns that exist both in singular and plural. The pronouns are also marked in verbs to make them grammartical as shown below.

Kiwakilishi/Pronoun/ umoja-singular
Mimi /me or I
Wewe /you
Yeye /him or her

Pronoun and Verb itwa/called
Mimi ninaitwa Asha
Wewe unaitwa Ali
Yeye anaitwa Jamila

Pronoun/kiwakilishi/ Plural/wingi
Sisi/us or we
Nyinyi/ you all
Wao/they

Kiwakilishi na kitenzi “itwa”/Pronoun and Verb itwa/called
Sisi tunaitwa mbogo
Nyinyi mnaitwa kondoo
Wao wanaitwa sungura

Mfano .
Baraka: Hujambo rafiki?
Pili: Sijambo rafiki. Mimi ninaitwa Pili. Na wewe je, unaitwa nani?
Baraka: Mimi ninaitwa Baraka. Nimefurahi kukufahamu, Pili.
Pili: Nimefurahi kukufahamu pia, Baraka. Je, unasomea wapi?
Baraka: Mimi ninasomea Shule ya upili Bright Seeta. Na wewe je, unasomea wapi?
Pili: Mimi ninasomea shule ya upili ya seeta high.
Baraka: Kwaheri Pili.
Pili: Kwaheri Baraka.

Zoezi: Ninaitwa In pairs, greet each other and introduce yourselves in Swahili.

Salamu : Habari Gani?/What is the News?
The habari? habari gani? greeting is also a general form of greeting in Swahili. Just like with hujambo, it is mostly used among agemates. If an older person greets a younger person using the habari greeting, the younger person responds to the habari greeting normally and then greets the older person using the age appropriate greeting, shikamoo. The response to the habari greeting can either be nzuri, njema, salama, or safi, all which translate to fine or good. Just like with hujambo greeting, you can use the habari to inquire about the state of affairs of the person whom you are greeting such as work, school, family, e.t.c.

mfano .
Bahati: Habari gani rafiki yangu?
Musa: Salama rafiki, jina langu ni Musa; ninatoka lweza mukono.
Bahati: Mimi ninaitwa Bahati; ninatoka kamukuzi Mbarara. Habari za asubuhi?
Musa: Nzuri sana na wewe je?
Bahati: Safi. Habari za safari?
Musa: Njema. Nyumbani hawajambo?
Bahati: Hawajambo.
Musa: Karibu mukono.
Bahati: Asante.
Musa: Ninakutakia siku njema.
Bahati: Asante, ninakutakia siku njema pia.

Kazi mradi : Habari
In pairs, greet each other using habari/habari gani greeting, introduce yourselves, and bid each other goodbye.
How would you greet someone in Swahili using the habari greeting at the following times of the day?
Asubuhi
Mchana
Jioni
Usiku
How would you bid one goodbye in Swahili at the different times of the day shown below?
Asubuhi
Mchana
Jioni
Usiku

Salamu III: Hujambo?/Habari gani?/Shikamoo?

In this section, we shall learn how to use the shikamoo greeting together with hujambo and habari greeting words. Shikamoo is used by a young person to an adult, professor, or parent, public figure, president .

Mfano V: Mwanafunzi na Mwalimu.

Mwanafunzi: Shikamoo mwalimu Johnpaul.

Mwalimu: Marahaba. Hujambo victor?

Mwanfunzi: Sijambo, mwalimu. Habari za mchana mwalimu?

Mwalimu: Salama, asante. Nyumbani hawajambo?

Mwanafunzi: Hawajambo Mwalimu.

Mwalimu: Karibu kiti.

Mwanafunzi: Asante sana, mwalimu.

Mfano VI: Mwalimu na Wanafunzi.

Mwalimu: Hamjambo wanafunzi?

Wanafunzi: Hatujambo mwalimu, shikamoo?

Mwalimu: Marahaba. Habari za asubuhi?

Mwanafunzi I: Salama, asante.

Mwanafunzi II: Njema.

Mwanafunzi III: Nzuri sana.

Mwalimu: Karibuni ofisini.

Wanafunzi: Asante sana, mwalimu.

(baada ya mazungumzo/after the conversation)

Mwalimu: Kwaherini na muwe na siku njema.

Wanafunzi: Kwaheri na uwe na siku njema pia mwalimu Johnpaul.

Kazi mradi V: Kazi ya Vikundi

In pairs, rehearse how you will initiate a Swahili conversation with your director (mkurugenzi) during the office hour by using the age and time appropriate greetings.

Salamu IV: Mambo?,Mambo vipi?, Sasa?, Niaje?

These are informal greetings that Swahili speakers use in their informal interactions. These greetings are majorly used by the youth in the same age in their daily conversations. (salamu hizi zinatumiwa hasa na vijana wa rika moja)You can use any of the following greeting words in informal greetings: mambo? Mambo vipi? Sasa?, or Niaje? Jipya? Maneno?, all which translate to what’s up?/how is the going?,what’s new? The following responses are used interchangeably: poa, freshi, or fiti, safi, hakuna, all which translate to cool.

Mfano VII: Mazungumzo ya vijana

NISSI: Mambo vipi Tano?

GINUS: Freshi! Niaje tano?

NISSI: Poa sana. Za mchana?

GINUS: Safi! Mambo yanakwendaje huko dada?

NISSI: Salama na wewe je?

GINUS: Freshi! Baadaye Dada, kuna dilo pale.

NISSI: Baadaye pia bwana, kesho Tukutane huko?

GINUS: safi, usiku mwema dada?

NISSI: Na wewe pia dada.

Kazi mradi VI: Kazi ya Vikundi

Katika makundi, jaribisha salaamu zisizorasmi. (In pairs, practice to use informal Swahili greetings)

MAELEZO YA BAADHI YA SALAMU NA MAJIBU.

SALAMU (Greeting)	JIBU (Response)
Hujambo? How are you?	Sijambo. Am fine.
Hamjambo? How are you all?	Hatujambo. We are all fine.
Sabalkheri? Good morning?	Subalkheri/ alkheri.
Masalkheri? Good afternoon?	Masalkheri/ alkheri.
Umeamkaje? How have you waken up?	Salama. All is well.
Mmeamkaje?  How was your night?	Salama. All was well.
Jambo. Hello?	Jambo. Hello?
Habari gani? What is the news?	Ni nzuri/ njema. Good.
Habari ya asubuhi? What is the news this morning?	Sio mbaya? Not bad. Maana ni (nzuri)
Mambo vipi? Whatsup?	Safi, poa, freshi. Cool.
Shikamoo	Marahaba
U hali gani? How are you?	Njema, fine.
Mhali gani? How are you all?	Nzuri we are all fine.
Usiku mwema? Good night?	Na wewe pia. And you as well.

 MANENO YA ADABU (words of respect and manner)

Neno la adabu	Jibu
Hodi hodi	Karibu. Welcome.
Kwaheri	Kwaheri ya kuonana
Hongera	Asante. Thank you.
Asante kwa kazi	karibu
Uende salama	Asante sana.
Pole. Am sorry for your misfortune.	Ni maisha. (its life). Asante.
Tafadhali? Please! “politely”	Haidhuru.
Karibuni (welcome)	Asante (thank you)
Tuonane (we meet each other)	Nashukuru (I appreciate)
Samahani (excuse me)	Naam (yes, excused)
Shikamoo. (please accep my respect)	Marahaba.

Funzo h. Kusoma na kuigiza mazungumzo

Shughuli 10.

1 Kusoma na kuandika1.Katika jozi, someni na kuigiza mazungumzo yafuatayo kisha ujibu maswali.

Tom : Habari ya siku nyingi rafiki?

Rehema : Ni nzuri, labda zako?

Tom : Mimi ni mzima. Umepotea sana siku hizi!

 Rehema : Ndiyo, mama yangu amekuwa mgonjwa.

Tom : Eee! Pole sana, sasa yuko vipi?

 Rehema : Tumempa dawa, atapata nafuu.

Tom : Hebu tuombe Mungu apone haraka

Rehema : Amina. Hebu niende nyumbani, Alamsiki!i.

Swali. Kwa kutumia kamusi, tafuteni maana ya maneno mapya kutokana na mazungumzo.

ii.Tambua na kuandika salamu na maneno ya adabu yaliyotumika katika mazungumzo.

Maneno ya adabu na unyenyekevu

•  Tafadhali: Neno la heshima la kumwomba mtu afanye jambo kwa  niaba yako.
•  Shikamoo: Salamu ya heshima itolewayo kwa mtu aliyekuzidi umri.
•  Samahani: Neno la kuombea msamaha. Neno la kuomba upewe nafasi  au usikilizwe.
•  Asante: Neno la kuonyesha shukrani kwa yale uliyotendewa.
•  Ninasikitika:Neno la kuonyeshea hisia za huruma au kuionea hali ya  mtu huruma.
•  Simile: Neno la adabu la kuomba kupishwa njia.
•  Ashakum: Neno la kuombea msamha kabla ya kusema jambo  unalofikiria linaweza kumwudhi mtu anayekusikiliza.
•  Mjamzito: Mwanamke aliyebeba mimba.
•  Kujifungua:Kupata mtoto.
•  Msalani/pembeni:Pahali pa kwendea haja.
•  Pole: Neno la kumwonea mtu huruma au kumsikitikia kutokana na hali mbaya k.v. ugonjwa, kuumia n.k.